"""Utilities for locating and resolving JupyterLab core package metadata."""

# Copyright (c) Jupyter Development Team.
# Distributed under the terms of the Modified BSD License.

import io
import json
import logging
import os
import re
import subprocess
import tarfile
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
from pathlib import Path

from .constants import JPBLD_NPM_URL, JPBLD_RAW_GITHUB_URL

_MAX_CORE_META_BYTES = 5 * 1024 * 1024  # 5 MB — generous upper bound for core.package.json


def _home_dir() -> Path:
    home = os.environ.get("HOME")
    return Path(home) if home else Path.home()


def _http_get(url: str, *, headers: dict[str, str] | None = None, timeout: int = 10) -> bytes:
    if not url.startswith(("http:", "https:")):
        msg = "URL must start with 'http:' or 'https:'"
        raise ValueError(msg)
    request_headers = {"User-Agent": "jupyter-builder"}
    if headers:
        request_headers.update(headers)
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=request_headers)  # noqa: S310
    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout) as resp:  # noqa: S310
        return bytes(resp.read())


def get_core_meta(
    version: str | None = None,
    ext_path: str | os.PathLike[str] | None = None,
    logger: logging.Logger | None = None,
) -> str:
    """Return the path to the core package JSON, downloading it if needed."""
    requested_version = version
    if requested_version is None:
        if ext_path is not None:
            installed_core_meta = _get_installed_core_meta(Path(ext_path).resolve())
            if installed_core_meta is not None:
                return installed_core_meta
            if logger:
                logger.warning(
                    "\033[33m@jupyterlab/core-meta was not found in node_modules, "
                    "so a network download will be used as a fallback. To avoid this, "
                    "add @jupyter/builder as a devDependency instead of "
                    "@jupyterlab/builder.\n \033[0m",
                )
        requested_version = "main"

    cache_root = _home_dir() / ".cache" / "jupyterlab_builder" / "core"
    cached_file = _get_cached_core_meta_file(cache_root, requested_version)
    if cached_file is not None:
        return str(cached_file)

    # Try to retrieve core meta from npm first
    try:
        npm_version = _resolve_npm_version(requested_version)
        npm_cache_file = cache_root / npm_version / "core.package.json"
        if npm_cache_file.exists():
            return str(npm_cache_file)
        _download_npm_core_meta(npm_version, npm_cache_file)
        return str(npm_cache_file)
    except urllib.error.URLError:
        pass  # Fallback to GitHub below

    github_cache_file = cache_root / requested_version / "core.package.json"
    _download_github_core_meta(requested_version, github_cache_file)
    return str(github_cache_file)


def _is_wildcard_version(version: str) -> bool:
    """Return True for npm range-style versions like 4.5.x."""
    return bool(re.search(r"\.x(\.|$)|(^|\.)x\.", version, flags=re.IGNORECASE))


def _resolve_npm_version(version: str) -> str:
    """Resolve an abstract version specifier to a concrete npm version string.

    - 'latest'  → fetches the current latest tag from npm
    - '4.5.x'   → fetches all published versions and returns the highest 4.5.x match
    - anything else is returned as-is (assumed to be a concrete version)
    """
    if version == "latest":
        data = _http_get(f"{JPBLD_NPM_URL}/@jupyterlab/core-meta/latest")
        latest_version = json.loads(data).get("version")
        if not isinstance(latest_version, str) or not latest_version:
            msg = "Failed to resolve latest @jupyterlab/core-meta version from npm"
            raise urllib.error.URLError(msg)
        return latest_version

    if _is_wildcard_version(version):
        return _resolve_wildcard_npm_version(version)

    return version  # Concrete version like "4.2.5" — use directly


def _resolve_wildcard_npm_version(version: str) -> str:
    """Fetch the highest published npm version matching a wildcard range like '4.5.x'.

    Raises urllib.error.URLError if no matching version is found.
    """
    data = _http_get(
        f"{JPBLD_NPM_URL}/@jupyterlab/core-meta",
        headers={"Accept": "application/vnd.npm.install-v1+json"},
    )
    all_versions: list[str] = list(json.loads(data).get("versions", {}).keys())

    # Build a regex from the wildcard pattern, e.g. "4.5.x" → r"^4\.5\.\d+(-.+)?$"
    # The (-.+)? suffix matches pre-release identifiers like -alpha.3, -beta.1, -rc.2
    escaped = re.escape(version)
    wildcard_pattern = re.sub(r"x", r"\\d+", escaped, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
    pattern = "^" + wildcard_pattern + r"(-.+)?$"

    matching = [v for v in all_versions if re.match(pattern, v)]
    if not matching:
        msg = f"No published @jupyterlab/core-meta versions match range '{version}'"
        raise urllib.error.URLError(msg)

    def semver_key(v: str) -> tuple[tuple[int, ...], int, tuple[int, ...]]:
        release, _, prerelease = v.partition("-")
        numeric = tuple(int(p) for p in release.split(".") if p.isdigit())
        # Stable releases sort higher than pre-releases; within pre-releases,
        pre_numeric = tuple(int(p) for p in prerelease.split(".") if p.isdigit())
        return (numeric, 0 if prerelease else 1, pre_numeric)

    return max(matching, key=semver_key)


def _get_cached_core_meta_file(cache_root: Path, version: str) -> Path | None:
    candidates = [
        cache_root / version / "core.package.json",
        cache_root / version / "package.json",
    ]
    for candidate in candidates:
        if candidate.exists():
            return candidate
    return None


def _download_npm_core_meta(version: str, destination: Path) -> None:
    destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    metadata = json.loads(_http_get(f"{JPBLD_NPM_URL}/@jupyterlab/core-meta/{version}"))
    try:
        tarball_url = metadata["dist"]["tarball"]
    except (KeyError, TypeError) as exc:
        msg = f"Unexpected registry metadata for {version}: {exc}"
        raise urllib.error.URLError(msg) from exc
    tarball_data = _http_get(tarball_url, timeout=20)
    with tarfile.open(fileobj=io.BytesIO(tarball_data), mode="r:gz") as tar:
        for member in tar.getmembers():
            if member.name == "package/core.package.json":
                if not member.isfile():
                    msg = "core.package.json entry is not a regular file"
                    raise urllib.error.URLError(msg)
                if member.size > _MAX_CORE_META_BYTES:
                    msg = f"core.package.json entry exceeds size limit ({member.size} bytes)"
                    raise urllib.error.URLError(msg)
                f = tar.extractfile(member)
                if f:
                    destination.write_bytes(f.read(_MAX_CORE_META_BYTES))
                    return
    msg = f"core.package.json not found in tarball for {version}"
    raise urllib.error.URLError(msg)


def _download_github_core_meta(version: str, destination: Path) -> None:
    destination.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    url = f"{JPBLD_RAW_GITHUB_URL}/jupyterlab/jupyterlab/{version}/jupyterlab/staging/package.json"
    destination.write_bytes(_http_get(url))


def _get_installed_core_meta(ext_path: Path) -> str | None:
    if not (ext_path / "node_modules").exists():
        subprocess.check_call(["jlpm"], cwd=ext_path)  # noqa: S607

    target = ext_path
    while True:
        core_meta_path = target / "node_modules" / "@jupyterlab" / "core-meta"
        if (core_meta_path / "core.package.json").exists():
            return str(core_meta_path / "core.package.json")
        if target.parent == target:
            return None
        target = target.parent